We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Dining table 4 Association ranging from dowry/fiance price (paid down by into the-laws and regulations out of siblings, others throughout beyaz erkek Meksika kadД±n tanД±Еџma sitesi the town and you can people) and wife’s position from the marital house (OLS)
4.3 Dialogue and robustness monitors
For the determining the newest ladies’ status from the relationship household, the end result of the online dowry (dowry without bride-to-be rate) could possibly get count. Keep in mind that the level of deferred mehr is roofed alone from the net dowry as previous is not paid off except if divorce proceedings takes place and should not qualify assets lead on wedding. The results suggest that the latest assets produced for the ount) enhance their choice-and work out electricity and you will independence. This type of self-confident relationships aren’t stunning as the the latest associations out-of fiance rate paid down in the course of matrimony work at stop to the ones from dowry in the primary estimations.
Maybe, an elevated many years otherwise training change you’ll deteriorate the latest wife’s reputation in the relationship household. Including decades distinction along with studies variation (replacement new husband’s ages and you will studies) doesn’t affect the head outcomes, while the coefficients ones parameters are not extreme (Appendix Desk 9, Panel B).
The new quote procedure was constant of the replacement dowry and you may fiance rate that have net dowry (Appendix Dining table nine, Panel Good)
You to might believe how many age as relationships is important because the effect out of dowry (otherwise bride-to-be price) might possibly be higher following relationships. Along with years while the ount away from dowry (replacement woman’s decades at matrimony) magnifies the base effectation of dowry during the women’s liberty however, minimizes its magnitude in addition to benefits peak into the ladies decision making (Appendix Table nine, Panel C). This simply means you to a much bigger dowry increases the wife’s autonomy when you look at the the newest relationship house just after matrimony; not, the organization isn’t rather impacted by new passage of age since wedding.
Zero measure of gender ideology is included in the primary estimation because of endogeneity questions. One you will believe addition of such procedures could possibly get weaken the newest organization ranging from dowry and you can women’s status regarding marital family. While we usually do not refute the chance that preferences and ideological beliefs regarding gender relations aren’t inherent and alter over the marital lifetime, the fresh new quote processes is regular because of the together with several steps to possess young man preference: the initial variable equals you to definitely in the event the wife’s finest quantity of sons is greater than compared to daughters together with 2nd equals one to if wife desires promote higher education to sons in place of so you’re able to daughters. Handling having gender ideology doesn’t drastically impact the fundamental estimate results (Appendix Table nine, Committee D). Interestingly, ladies decision making is certainly for the son taste. Although not, it’s negatively associated with liking for delivering degree to help you sons than daughters. A potential interpretation is the fact extremely educated feminine tends to be against gender inequality inside the studies and be more motivated about marital family but favor having way more sons than daughters. This appears in line with particular current degree appearing you to young man liking is more common certainly highly knowledgeable female unlike ignorant feminine within the Southern Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and Preston 1991).